Test 3 – Essay QuestionsFor some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the...

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Test 3 – Essay QuestionsFor some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.  Question 1 – 10 pointsChoose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pre-translational mechanisms.  ORCompare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulationQuestion 2 – 10 pointsFor the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D.ORFor the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter A. Question 3 (10 points)Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.Compare and contrast lagging and leading strand synthesisORCompare and contrast the different types of DNA polymerases in terms of function and timing during DNA synthesis.Question 4 (10 points)Take the following DNA sequence and use it for protein synthesis3’AACGGTCCTATATACCC 5’What is the original amino acid sequence?Describe and illustrate how a missense, nonsense and frameshift mutation would alter the amino acid sequence.  (you must give an actual example to receive full credit)Question 5 (10 points)Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.Compare and contrast RNA and DNA including all aspects of structure as well as functionsORCompare and contrast Proteins and Nucleic acidsTest 3 – Essay Questions For some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.Question 1 – 10 points Choose one of the following questions to answer.Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning. In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pe-translational mechanisms.OR Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulationQuestion 2 – 10 pointsFor the above depiction of the lac operon.Identify A, B, C and D.Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D. OR Test 3 – Essay Questions For some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.   Question 1 – 10 points Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning. In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pre-translational mechanisms.   OR Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulation  Question 2 – 10 points   For the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D. OR  Test 3 – Essay QuestionsFor some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.  Question 1 – 10 pointsChoose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pre-translational mechanisms.  ORCompare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulationQuestion 2 – 10 pointsFor the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D.ORFor the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter A. Question 3 (10 points)Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.Compare and contrast lagging and leading strand synthesisORCompare and contrast the different types of DNA polymerases in terms of function and timing during DNA synthesis.Question 4 (10 points)Take the following DNA sequence and use it for protein synthesis3’AACGGTCCTATATACCC 5’What is the original amino acid sequence?Describe and illustrate how a missense, nonsense and frameshift mutation would alter the amino acid sequence.  (you must give an actual example to receive full credit)Question 5 (10 points)Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning.Compare and contrast RNA and DNA including all aspects of structure as well as functionsORCompare and contrast Proteins and Nucleic acidsTest 3 – Essay Questions For some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.Question 1 – 10 points Choose one of the following questions to answer.Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning. In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pe-translational mechanisms.OR Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulationQuestion 2 – 10 pointsFor the above depiction of the lac operon.Identify A, B, C and D.Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D. OR Test 3 – Essay Questions For some of the questions below you have a choice between two of the questions (please don’t answer both hoping for extra credit).  You will submit your answers and they will be checked for content similar to websites and other resources.  This is your chance to work on conveying the material that you know through writing.   Question 1 – 10 points Choose one of the following questions to answer.  Please understand that you need to answer all aspects of the question that have been covered in the material presented and neglecting to include that information will result in a reduction of points.  This includes but is not limited to proper terminology, structure identification and reasoning. In eukaryotes, explain in detail ways to regulate gene expression via pre-translational mechanisms.   OR Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulation  Question 2 – 10 points   For the above depiction of the lac operon.  Identify A, B, C and D.  Describe what would happen if there was a mutation (insertion) in letter D. OR

Dr Shweta · Accepted Answer

Answers:
Ans 1: In order to govern the process of transcription, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes employ proteins that function as activators, stimulating gene expression, or repressors, inhibiting gene expression. The following are some of the key distinctions that can be found between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulation:
The process of transcription is the primary regulator of gene expression in prokaryotic organisms. The expression of genes in eukaryotic organisms is regulated at several stages, including transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation stages. The nucleus is the location of transcription in eukaryotic cells, whereas the cytoplasm is the location of transcription in prokaryotic cells. In the process of transcription, prokaryotes make use of sigma factors, whereas eukaryotes employ transcription factor proteins. Only prokaryotes, not eukaryotic cells, are capable of doing transcription and translation at the same time. The prevalence of repressors is higher in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes.
Ans 2: E. coli and other bacteria include a collection of genes called the lactose operon (or lac operon) that are responsible for the absorption and metabolism of lactose. The lac operon is a set of genes that share a promoter and are thus translated into a single mRNA. Three structural genes, a promoter, a terminator, a regulator, and an operator make up the lac operon. LacZ, lacY, and lacA are the three structural genes. The gene lacZ genes for the intracellular enzyme -galactosidase (LacZ), which hydrolyses the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose.
Lactose and other galactosidase are transported into the cell through a proton gradient facilitated by the protein encoded by the lacY gene. The cellular permeability to galactosidase is increased by permease. The enzyme -galactosidase transacetylase (LacA) moves an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to thiogalactoside,

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